6 days ago3 min read

504 Plans vs. IEPs: Key Differences Explained

Updated: 4 days ago

If you’re navigating the maze of special education, you’ve probably come across the terms 504 Plan and IEP (Individualized Education Program). While both aim to support students with disabilities, they serve different purposes and populations. Understanding their distinctions can empower you to advocate for the best resources for your child.

Here’s your comprehensive guide to understanding the key differences between 504 Plans and IEPs.

What Are 504 Plans?

Named after Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, 504 Plans are designed to ensure that students with disabilities have equal access to education. These plans focus on accommodations—adjustments that allow students to participate in the general education classroom alongside their peers.

Examples of 504 Plan Accommodations:

Extra time on tests.
Preferential seating near the teacher.
Permission to use assistive technology.
Access to a quiet space for exams.

What Are IEPs?

An IEP is a more comprehensive plan created under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). It’s for students who require specialized instruction in addition to accommodations. An IEP outlines specific educational goals tailored to the student’s unique needs.

Examples of IEP Services:

One-on-one instruction.
Speech therapy or occupational therapy.
Modified curriculum or assignments.
Behavioral intervention plans.

Key Differences Between 504 Plans vs. IEPs

1. Eligibility Criteria

504 Plan: Covers any disability that “substantially limits one or more major life activities,” such as learning, walking, or concentrating. Examples include ADHD, anxiety, or chronic illnesses.
IEP: Requires a specific disability listed under IDEA, such as autism, dyslexia, or speech delays. The disability must also require specialized instruction to qualify.

2. Focus Areas

504 Plan: Emphasizes accommodations to remove barriers in the general education environment.
IEP: Focuses on individualized goals and specialized services to address a student’s learning challenges.

3. Legal Framework

504 Plan: Governed by the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, a civil rights law ensuring equal access.
IEP: Governed by IDEA, a federal law ensuring a free and appropriate public education (FAPE).

4. Who Creates the Plan?

504 Plan: Typically developed by general education staff, such as teachers or counselors, with input from parents.
IEP: Created by a formal team, including parents, teachers, special education staff, and specialists.

5. Review and Updates

504 Plan: Reviewed periodically (usually annually) but doesn’t have a set review schedule under law.
IEP: Legally required to be reviewed at least once a year, with a full reevaluation every three years.

How Do I Know Which One My Child Needs?

If your child struggles in school, the first step is to request an evaluation. This process involves assessments and observations to determine eligibility for either a 504 Plan or an IEP.

504 Plan: Best for students who can succeed in the general education setting with accommodations.
IEP: Essential for students needing both accommodations and specialized instruction.

Real-Life Example: Emily vs. Jake

Emily (504 Plan)

Emily, a sixth-grader with ADHD, struggles to focus in class. She qualifies for a 504 Plan that includes extra time on tests and movement breaks. These accommodations allow her to thrive in the general classroom without altering the curriculum.

Jake (IEP)

Jake, a fourth-grader with dyslexia, needs specialized instruction to improve his reading skills. His IEP provides weekly one-on-one reading sessions, extended time for assignments, and audiobooks for class materials.

The Pros and Cons of 504 Plans vs. IEPs

504 Plans

Pros:

Easier to qualify for.
Less bureaucratic and quicker to implement.

Cons:
Limited to accommodations—doesn’t include specialized instruction.

IEPs