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Writer's pictureSophia Whitehouse

What’s the Difference Between a Counselor, Psychologist, and Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner?

Introduction: Understanding Mental Health Professionals

When seeking mental health support, it’s essential to understand the difference between a counselor, clinical psychologist, counseling psychologist, school psychologist, and psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner (PMHNP) to find the right professional for your needs. Each role brings a unique focus and expertise, addressing different aspects of mental wellness. This guide will help you navigate these roles and determine the best fit for your mental health journey.


Educational Background and Licensure

Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) and Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor (LPCC)

Licensed Professional Counselors (LPCs) and Licensed Professional Clinical Counselors (LPCCs) hold a master’s degree in counseling, psychology, or a related field. LPCs provide general therapeutic support, while LPCCs may have additional training and supervisory endorsements. They focus on issues like personal growth, stress management, and relationship challenges, often using short-term, solution-oriented approaches.


Counseling Psychologist (Ph.D. or Psy.D.)

Counseling psychologists complete a doctoral degree (Ph.D. or Psy.D.) in psychology, focusing on life transitions, mental wellness, and personal development. They are skilled in supporting clients through adjustments, such as career changes or relationship issues, helping clients build resilience and improve coping skills.


School Psychologist (Ed.S. or Psy.S.)

School psychologists hold an Education Specialist (Ed.S.) or Specialist in Psychology (Psy.S.) degree, specializing in educational, social, and emotional support. In Ohio, school psychologists can practice independently, offering evaluations, diagnoses, and treatment for conditions such as ADHD, anxiety, and autism across all age groups. They address learning, developmental, and behavioral needs in both educational and private settings.


Clinical Psychologist (Ph.D. or Psy.D.)

Clinical psychologists complete a doctoral degree (Ph.D. or Psy.D.) and are licensed to assess, diagnose, and treat a wide range of mental health conditions, including complex disorders like PTSD, bipolar disorder, and personality disorders. They use various therapeutic approaches and conduct in-depth assessments and psychological testing for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.


Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP)

A Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP) is an advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) with specialized training in psychiatric and mental health care. PMHNPs hold a master’s or doctoral degree in nursing and are licensed to diagnose mental health conditions, provide therapy, and, in many states (including Ohio), prescribe psychiatric medications. PMHNPs often work with psychiatrists, clinical psychologists, and counselors to offer comprehensive mental health treatment.


Scope of Practice and Services Offered

Licensed Professional Counselors (LPCs and LPCCs): Practical Support for Life Challenges

LPCs and LPCCs focus on solution-based, practical support for clients dealing with stress, relationships, or personal growth. They offer short-term strategies and techniques to help clients manage specific life challenges and develop coping skills.


Common Services:

  • Solution-focused counseling for managing stress, relationships, and life transitions.

  • Techniques in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), mindfulness, and motivational interviewing.

  • Family and couples counseling.


Counseling Psychologists: Support for Life Transitions and Personal Development

Counseling psychologists specialize in helping individuals navigate life transitions and build mental resilience. They often work with clients facing major life changes, such as career adjustments or relationship issues, and provide support for general mental wellness and personal development.


Common Services:

  • Therapy for life transitions, relationship dynamics, and stress.

  • Guidance in building resilience and improving coping skills.

  • Support for personal growth and adjustment challenges.


School Psychologists: Comprehensive Social, Emotional, and Learning Support

School psychologists address learning, behavioral, social, and emotional challenges both in schools and through independent practice. They can evaluate, diagnose, and treat developmental, learning, and mental health conditions, offering counseling and support for academic, social, and emotional needs.


Common Services:

  • Assessment, diagnosis, and intervention for learning and developmental conditions.

  • Counseling for social, emotional, and behavioral issues affecting education.

  • Consultation with teachers, parents, and clients to support academic and mental health goals.


Clinical Psychologists: In-Depth Mental Health Assessment and Treatment

Clinical psychologists provide diagnosis and treatment for complex mental health conditions. They are trained to manage chronic and severe mental health challenges, using various therapeutic techniques tailored to individual needs.


Common Services:

  • Diagnostic assessments and therapy for mental health disorders, such as anxiety, depression, and PTSD.

  • Evidence-based therapies, including CBT, psychodynamic therapy, and trauma-focused therapy.

  • Psychological evaluations for diagnosis, treatment planning, and therapeutic guidance.


Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioners (PMHNPs): Medication Management and Therapy

PMHNPs combine nursing and psychiatric expertise to offer a blend of therapeutic and medical care. They can diagnose mental health conditions, provide therapy, and prescribe medications. PMHNPs are often involved in comprehensive treatment plans, working alongside other mental health professionals to provide holistic care.


Common Services:

  • Psychiatric evaluation, diagnosis, and medication management.

  • Therapy for a range of mental health conditions, including anxiety, depression, and bipolar disorder.

  • Collaborative care with psychologists, counselors, and psychiatrists to support mental wellness.


Key Differences in Practice

LPCs and LPCCs vs. Counseling Psychologists

LPCs and LPCCs focus on short-term, practical support for specific life challenges. Counseling psychologists offer broader support for life transitions and personal growth, helping clients improve resilience and navigate various adjustments.


School Psychologists vs. Clinical Psychologists

School psychologists specialize in learning and developmental support, addressing social and emotional needs within educational settings. Clinical psychologists work with individuals across all age groups, diagnosing and treating a broader range of mental health disorders, often involving more complex or chronic issues.


Clinical Psychologists vs. PMHNPs

While clinical psychologists provide therapy and psychological assessments, PMHNPs offer both therapy and medication management. PMHNPs bring a medical perspective, allowing them to prescribe and manage medications, which is particularly helpful for clients needing comprehensive, combined treatment for mental health conditions.


Counseling Psychologists vs. PMHNPs

Counseling psychologists focus on therapy for life transitions and personal development, while PMHNPs are trained in both therapeutic techniques and psychiatric medication management, making them well-suited for clients who may benefit from a combination of therapy and medication.


When to Choose Each Professional

  • Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC or LPCC): Best for clients needing short-term, solution-focused support for stress, relationships, or personal development.

  • Counseling Psychologist: Suitable for individuals navigating life transitions, personal growth, or general mental wellness.

  • School Psychologist: Ideal for children, adolescents, or adults needing evaluation, diagnosis, and support for learning or developmental issues, including social-emotional challenges.

  • Clinical Psychologist: Recommended for individuals with complex mental health disorders requiring in-depth assessment and long-term treatment, such as depression, PTSD, or personality disorders.

  • Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP): Appropriate for clients needing both therapy and medication management for conditions like anxiety, depression, and bipolar disorder.


Conclusion: Finding the Right Mental Health Professional

Understanding the difference between a counselor, clinical psychologist, counseling psychologist, school psychologist, and psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner is essential for finding the right support. Each professional offers a unique approach to mental health care, from practical counseling and support for life transitions to medication management and comprehensive treatment for complex mental health issues.


If you need assistance choosing the right mental health support, our team can guide you. Call or text 614-470-4466, email admin@achievepsychology.org, or visit www.achievepsychology.org for more information.



A calm and welcoming setting with multiple mental health professionals in different environments: a counselor in a therapy room, a clinical psychologist with assessment tools, a counseling psychologist helping a client with life transitions, a school psychologist working with a student, and a Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP) conducting a consultation. The scene feels professional, supportive, and approachable.

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